List of biblical names starting with J
A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – Y – Z
J
See Bible Study Tools Library letter J or Christian Classics Ethereal Library letter J or Smith's Bible Dictionary letter J or Easton's Bible Dictionary letter J for additional definitions and Biblical sources. Most of the men's and women's biblical names can be found in Herbert Lockyer's books with a biblical source where in the bible they can be found.[1] Many also have a short study on the name.[1] Most of the Biblical name definitions for places, cities, countries, angels, gods, mountains and Hebrew names can be found in Nancy M. Tischler's two volume encyclopedia All things in the Bible, an encyclopedia of the biblical world with a short study on each of them.[2]
- Jaakan, tribulation; labor,[3] he twists,[4] he shall surround,[5] intelligent, [6]
- Jaakobah, supplanter; deceiver; the heel[7][8]
- Jaala, ascending, a little doe or goat;[7][8] wild goat;' [9]
- Jaalam, hidden; young man; heir,[10] whom God hides,[11] concealer,[12] he will be hid,[8]
- Jaanai, answering; afflicting; making poor,[13] whom Jehovah answers,[14] mourner,[15] Jehovah answers,[8]
- Jaasau, doing; my doing,[16] whom Jehovah made,[17] fabricator,[18] Jehovah makes,[8]
- Jaasiel, God's work,[19] whom God comforts,[20] made by God,[9][21] God is maker,[8]
- Jaasu, created;[9]
- Jaazaniah, whom the Lord will hear,[22] whom Jehovah hears,[23] Jehovah does hear, [8] may God hear'[9]
- Jaazah, Jaazar, Jazer, assistance; helper,[24] Jehovah helps[25][26]
- Jaaziah, Jaaziel, the strength of the Jehovah, sprinkling of the Lord,[27] whom Jehovah expidates,[28] God consoles or determines, [8] may God strengthen,[9]
- Jaaziel, God is determining or consoling,[8] may God strengthen,[9]
- Jabal, which glides away,[29] stream; "the father of such as dwell in tents and have cattle" (Genesis 4:20). This description indicates that he led a wandering life.[30][31] A shepherd[32] a river, moving, or which glides away,[33] stream,[9]
- Jabbok, evacuation; dissipation; wrestling[7]
- Jabesh, dryness; confusion; shame;[7] a dry place;[33] dry,[9]
- Jabez, sorrow; trouble;[7] he makes sorrow or height;[33] sorrow;[34]
- Jabin, Jabneh, whom God observes,[35] discerner; the wise;[36] God discerns or intelligent;[33] he understands,[34]
- Jabneel, building of God,[37][38] built by God[39]
- Jachan, wearing out; oppressing;[7] afflicting or troublous;[33] affliction,[34]
- Jachin, he that strengthens and makes steadfast,[40] he shall establish,[41] he does establish or founding;[33] established;[34]
- Jacob, that supplants, undermines; the heel, [42] supplanter,[43] one who follows on another's heels; supplanter;[44] he that supplants or follows after;[45] supplanted;[34]
- Jada, knowing,[46] wise[47][48]
- Jadau, his hand; his confession,[7] favorite or friend[48]
- Jadon, he will judge; thankful;[7] he that rules or abids,[48]
- Jaddua, known,[7] very knowing,[48]
- Jael, a goat, agile [7]
- Jagur, husbandman; stranger[7]
- Jah, the everlasting[49] abbreviation of Jehovah[50]
- Jahaleel, praising God; light of God[51]
- Jahath, broken in pieces; descending;[7] revival or grasping;[48]
- Jahaz, Jahazah, quarrel; dispute[7]
- Jahaziah, Jahzeiah, the vision of the Lord;[52] Jehovah reveals;[48] Jehovah sees;[53]
- Jahaziel, seeing God,[54] whom God watches over,[55] beheld by God,[56] God sees or reveals,[48]
- Jahdai, guide or he directs,[53]
- Jahdiel, the unity, or sharpness, or revenge, of God;[7] union of God or God makes glad;[53]
- Jahdo, I alone; his joy; his sharpness of wit; his newness;[7] union; [53]
- Jahleel, waiting for, or beseeching, or hope in, God;[7] God waits or God does grievously afflict; [53]
- Jahmai, warm; making warm;[7] Johovah protects or lusty;[53]
- Jahzeel, Jahziel, God hasteth, or divideth;[7] God apportions or distributes;[53]
- Jahzerah, Jehovvah protects or may he lead back;[53]
- Jair, my light; who diffuses light;[7] Jehovah enlightens, arouses or who diffuses light;[53]
- Jairus, He will enlighten or diffuse light;[53]
- Jakan, same as Achan[7]
- Jakeh, pious or hearkening;[53]
- Jakim, rising; confirming; establishing[7]
- Jalon, tarrying; murmuring,[57] abiding,[58] lodger[59]
- Jambres, poverty; bitter; a rebel[7]
- James, same as Jacob,[60] the Greek form of Jacob, supplanter (to take the place of another, as through force, scheming, strategy, or the like)[61]
- Jamin, right hand; south wind[7]
- Jamlech, reigning; asking counsel[7]
- Janna, Jannes, who speaks or answers; afflicted; poor[7]
- Janoah, Janohah, resting; tarrying; deriving,[62] rest[63][64]
- Janum, sleeping[7]
- Japhet, enlarged; fair; persuading[7]
- Japheth, same as Japhet[7]
- Japhia, enlightening; appearing[7]
- Japhlet, Japhleti, delivered; banished[7]
- Japho, fairness; comeliness[7]
- Jarah, a wood; honeycomb; watching closely[7]
- Jareb, a revenger[7]
- Jared, a ruling; commanding; coming down[7]
- Jaresiah, the bed of Lord; the Lord hath taken away; poverty,[65] whom Jehovah nourishes[66]
- Jarib, fighting; chiding; multiplying; avenging[7]
- Jarmuth, fearing, or seeing, or throwing down, death[7]
- Jarvah, breathing, or making, a sweet smell[7]
- Jashem, Jashen, ancient; sleeping[7]
- Jasher, righteous; upright[7]
- Jashobeam, the people sitting; or captivity of the people[7]
- Jashub, a returning; a controversy; a dwelling place[7]
- Jasiel, the strength of God,[67] whom God made[68]
- Jason, he that cures,[69] He that will cure,[70] one who will heal[71]
- Jathniel, gift of God,[72] whom God gives[73]
- Jattir, a remnant; excellent[7]
- Javan, deceiver; one who makes sad[7]
- Jazeel, strength of God[74]
- Jazer, assistance; helper,[24] Jehovah helps[25]
- Jaziz, brightness; departing[7]
- Jearim, a leap; woods[7]
- Jeaterai, whom Jehovah searching out; leads,[75] whom Jehovah leads[76]
- Jeberechiah, speaking well of, or kneeling to, Jehovah;[77] whom Jehovah blesses[78]
- Jebus, treading under foot; manger[7]
- Jebusi, trodden under foot; mangers[7]
- Jecamiah, resurrection, or confirmation, or revenge, of the Lord,[79] whom Jehovah gathers[80]
- Jecoliah, perfection, or power, of Jehovah,[81] able through Jehovah,[82] The same as Jecholiah: strong through Jehovah[83]
- Jeconiah, preparation, or stability, of Jehovah[7]
- Jedaiah, the hand of the Lord; confessing Jehovah[7]
- Jedeiah, one Lord; the joy of the Jehovah[7]
- Jediael, knowledge, of God[7]
- Jedidah, well beloved; amiable[7]
- Jedidiah, beloved of the Lord,[84] beloved of Jehovah[85][86]
- Jediel, the knowledge, or renewing, of God[87]
- Jeduthun, his law; giving praise[7]
- Jeezer, island of help[7]
- Jegar-sahadutha, heap of witness[7]
- Jehaleleel, Jehalelel, praising God; clearness of God[7]
- Jehaziel, same as Jahaziel[7]
- Jehdeiah, one Lord; the joy of the Lord,[88]
- Jeheiel, God liveth[7]
- Jehezekel, strength of God[7]
- Jehiah, the Lord liveth,[89] Jehovah lives[90]
- Jehiskiah, the strength,[91] the strength, or taking, of the Lord[92]
- Jehoadah, passing over; testimony of the Lord,[93] whom Jehovah adorns[94]
- Jehoaddan, pleasure, or time, of Jehovah[7]
- Jehoahaz, possession of Jehovah[7]
- Jehoash, fire of Jehovah,[95] Jehovah-given[96]
- Jehohanan, grace,[97] whom Jehovah gave, a name of which John is the contraction.[98]
- Jehoiachin, preparation, or strength, of Jehovah[7]
- Jehoiada, knowledge of Jehovah[7]
- Jehoiakim, avenging, or establishing, or resurrection, of Jehovah[7]
- Jehoiarib, fighting, or multiplying, of Jehovah[7]
- Jehonadab, Jonadab, free giver; liberality[7]
- Jehonathan, gift of the Lord; gift of a dove,[99] whom Jehovah gave[100][101]
- Jehoram, exaltation of Jehovah[7]
- Jehoshaphat, the Lord is judge,[102] whom Jehovah judges,[103] Jehovah-judged[104]
- Jehosheba, fullness,[105] Jehovah's oath,[106] Jehovah-swearing[107]
- Jehoshua, same as Joshua[7]
- Jehovah, self-subsisting,[108] I am; the eternal living one,[109] to be, exist,[110] to be, to become; [111] I am who am, hath sent me; I am who am with you,[112]
- Jehovah-jireh, the Lord will provide,[113] Jehovah will see; i.e., will provide[114]
- Jehovah-nissi, the Lord my banner,[115] Jehovah my banner[116]
- Jehovah-shalom, the Lord send peace,[117] Jehovah send peace[118]
- Jehovah-shammah, Jehovah is there,[119] the Lord is there[120]
- Jehovah-tsidkenu, Jehovah our righteousness,[121] the Lord our righteousness[122]
- Jehozabad, Jehovah dowry; having a dowry,[123] Jehovah-given,[124] whom Jehovah gave[125]
- Jehozadak, justice of Jehovah,[126] Jehovah-justified,[127] Jehovah justifies[128]
- Jehu, himself who exists[7]
- Jehubbah, hiding, binding[7]
- Jehucal, mighty; perfect; wasted[7]
- Jehud, Jehudi, praising; conferring[7]
- Jehudijah, the praise of the Lord[7]
- Jehush, keeping counsel; fastened[7]
- Jekabzeel, the congregation of God[7]
- Jekamean, the people shall arise[7]
- Jekamiah, establishing, or revenging, of Jehovah,[129] whom Jehovah gathers[130]
- Jekuthiel, hope, or congregation, of Jehovah[131]
- Jemima, handsome as the day[7]
- Jemuel, God's day; son of God[7]
- Jephthah, Whom God sets free[7]
- Jephunneh, he that beholds[7]
- Jerah, the moon; month; smelling sweet[7]
- Jerahmeel, the mercy, or the beloved, of God[7]
- Jered, ruling; coming down[7]
- Jeremai, my height; throwing forth waters[7]
- Jeremiah, exaltation of Jehovah,[132] raised up or appointed by Jehovah,[133] whom Jehovah has appointed[134]
- Jeremoth, eminences; one that fears death[7]
- Jeriah, fear, or throwing down, of Jehovah[7]
- Jerebai, fighting; chiding; multiplying[7]
- Jericho, his moon; his month; his sweet smell[7]
- Jeriel, fear, or vision of God[7]
- Jerijah, same as Jeriah[7]
- Jerimoth, he that fears or rejects death[7]
- Jerioth, kettles; breaking asunder[7]
- Jeroboam, he that opposes the people[7]
- Jeroham, high; merciful; beloved[7]
- Jerubbaal, let Baal contend with him[7]
- Jerubbesheth, let the idol of confusion defend itself[7]
- Jeruel, fear, or vision of God[7]
- Jerusalem, vision of peace,[135] the habitation of peace,[136]
- Jerusha, banished; possession; inheritance[7]
- Jesaiah, health, or salvation, of Jehovah,[137] salvation of Jehovah[138]
- Jeshebeab, sitting, or captivity, of the father[7]
- Jesher, right; singing[7]
- Jeshimon, solitude; desolation[7]
- Jeshishai, ancient; rejoicing exceedingly[7]
- Jeshohaia, Jehovah pressing; the meditation of God[139]
- Jeshua, same as Joshua[7]
- Jesiah, sprinkling of the Lord[7]
- Jesimiel, naming, or astonishment, of God[7]
- Jesse, gift; oblation; one who is[7]
- Jesui, even-tempered; flat country[7]
- Jesus, savior; deliverer,[140] The Greek form of the name Joshua or Jeshua, a contraction of Jehoshua, that is, help of Jehovah or saviour.[141] Latin: Jesus, Iesus, Iesu, Josue. Greek: Ieous from Hebrew Yeshua. Also means safety, victory and who's help is Jehovah or it may be from the verb "Yasha", "to save," and = Jehovah Savior, or simply Savior;[142] a late form of Hebrew "yehosua", the meaning of which is "YHWH is salvation" or "YHWH saves/has saved." [143] Online definition of "savior." [144] Latin term drove out Old English "hæland" which means "healer" as the preferred descriptive term for Jesus.[145]
- Jether, he that excels[7]
- Jetheth, giving[7]
- Jethlah, hanging up; heaping up[7]
- Jethro, his excellence; his posterity[7]
- Jetur, order; succession; mountainous[7]
- Jeuel, God hath taken away; God heaping up[7]
- Jeush, Jeuz, he that is devoured[7]
- Jew, same as Judah,[146] a man of Judea,[147] the name derived from the patriarch Judah, at first given to one belonging to the tribe of Judah or to the separate kingdom of Judah ( 2 Kings 16:6 ; 25:25 ; Jeremiah 32:12 ; 38:19 ; 40:11 ; 41:3 )[148]
- Jezaniah, nourishment, or weapons, of Jehovah,[149] whom Jehovah hears[150]
- Jezebel, not exalted[7]
- Jezer, island of help,[151] power[152]
- Jeziah, Jeziel, sprinkling of Jehovah,[153] whom Jehovah expiates[154]
- Jezoar, clear; white[7]
- Jezrahiah, Jehovah arises; brightness of Jehovah,[155] produced by Jehovah,[156] a leader of the choir[157]
- Jezreel, seed of God[7]
- Jibsam, their drought, their confusion[7]
- Jidlaph, he that distills water[7]
- Jimnah, right hand; numbering; preparing[7]
- Jiphtah, opening[7]
- Jiphthael, God opening[7]
- Joab, paternity; voluntary[7]
- Joachim, rising or establishing of Jehovah[7]
- Joah, fraternity; brother of Jehovah[7]
- Joahaz, apprehending; possessing; seeing[7]
- Joanna, grace or gift of Jehovah,[158] whom Jehovah has graciously given,[159] grace or gift of God[160]
- Joash, who despairs or burns[7]
- Joatham, same as Jotham[7]
- Job, he that weeps or cries,[161] persecuted[162][163]
- Jobab, sorrowful, hated[7]
- Jochebed, glorious; honorable[7]
- Joed, witnessing; robbing; passing over[7]
- Joel, he that wills or commands[7]
- Joelah, lifting up; profiting; taking away slander[7]
- Joezer, he that aids[7]
- Jogbehah, an exalting; high[7]
- Jogli, passing over; turning back; rejoicing[7]
- [[Joha (or Juha)]], who enlivens or gives life[7]
- Johanan, who is liberal or merciful,[164] whom Jehovah graciously bestows,[165] gift or grace of God,[166] Jehovah is or has been gracious.[167]
- John, the grace or mercy of the Lord,[168] Jehovah's gift: the same name as Johanan, a contraction of Jehoanan[169]
- Joiarib, chiding, or multiplying, of Jehovah[7]
- Jokdeam, crookedness, or burning, of the people[7]
- Jokim, that made the sun stand still[7]
- Jokmeam, confirmation, or revenge, of the people[7]
- Jokneam, possessing, or building up, of the people[7]
- Jokshan, an offense; hardness; a knocking[7]
- Joktan, small dispute; contention; disgust[7]
- Jonadab, who gives liberally[7]
- Jonah, or Jonas, a dove; he that oppresses; destroyer[7]
- Jonan, a dove; multiplying of the people[7]
- Jonathan, given of God[7]
- Joppa, beauty; comeliness,[170] Beauty[171]
- Jorah, Jorai, showing; casting forth; a cauldron[7]
- Joram, to cast; elevated[7]
- Jordan, the river of judgment,[7] Some translate it as "the descender," from the Semitic yrd, "to descend"[172]
- Jorim, he that exalts the Lord[7]
- Josabad, having a dowry[7]
- Josaphat, same as Jehoshaphat[7]
- Jose, raised; who pardons[173]
- Joseph, increase; addition,[174] remover or increaser,[175] increase,[176] may God add[177]
- Joses, same as Jose,[178] exalted[179]
- Joshah, being; forgetting; owing[7]
- Joshaviah, the seat, alteration, or captivity of Jehovah[7]
- Joshbekesha, it is requiring or beseeching[7]
- Joshua, a savior; a deliverer[7]
- Josiah, the Lord burns; the fire of Jehovah[7]
- Josibiah, the seat, or captivity of Jehovah[7]
- Josiphiah, increase of Jehovah; Jehovah's finishing[7]
- Jotham, the perfection of Jehovah[7]
- Jothath, Jothatha, his goodness[7]
- Jozabad, same as Josabad[7]
- Jozachar, remembering; of the male sex[7]
- Jubal, he that runs; a trumpet[7]
- Jucal, mighty; perfect[7]
- Judah, the praise of the Lord; confession,[180] praised, celebrated,[181] praise,[182]
- Judas, Jude, same as Judah[183]
- Judaea, Judea, same as Judah[184]
- Judith, same as Judah[185]
- Julia, downy; soft and tender hair[7]
- Julius, same as Julia[7]
- Junia, youth[7]
- Jushabhesed, dwelling-place; change of mercy[7]
- Justus, just or upright,[186] just[187]
- Juttah, turning away[7]
References
- Comay, Joan, Who's Who in the Old Testament, Oxford University Press, 1971, ISBN 0-19-521029-8
- Lockyer, Herbert, All the men of the Bible, Zondervan Publishing House (Grand Rapids, Michigan), 1958
Inline references
- ^ a b Lockyer references
- ^ Tischler reference
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Locker, p. 163
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp See Bible Study Tools Library letter J and Christian Classics Ethereal Library letter J
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lockyer, p. 164
- ^ a b c d e f g h Comay, p. 157
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ a b Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ a b Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ CCEL
- ^ CCEL
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Nave's Topical Bible
- ^ a b c d e f Lockyer, p. 165
- ^ a b c d e Comay, p. 158
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Lockyer, p. 166
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ a b c d e f g Lockyer, p. 167
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lockyer, p. 168
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ ccel
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ The Barnhart dictionary of etymology, Robert K. Barnhart, H.W. Wilson Co. 1988, p. 552, ISBN 0824207459
- ^ Behind the Name
- ^ The Original Catholic Encyclopedia definition
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia, published by Dictionary and Cyclopedia Co. (New York) 1899
- ^ The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Volume 3 p. 773, Doubleday 1992, ISBN 0-385-19361-0
- ^ online definition of "savior"
- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary for term Christ (Jesus)
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Christian Classics Ethereal Library
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Nave's Topical Bible
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Volume 3 p. 881, Doubleday 1992, ISBN 0-385-19361-0
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Volume 3 p. 954, Doubleday 1992, ISBN 0-385-19361-0
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 8: Infamy-Lapparent
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Hitchcock's Dictionary of Bible Names
- ^ Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary
- ^ Smith's Bible Dictionary